NMET97閱讀理解評析及解題技巧

時間:2022-06-05 07:39:00

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NMET閱讀理解試題是對考生綜合運用語言能力的考查,它側重考查考生準確理解語言信息和綜合處理語言信息的能力。所選文章信息量大,體裁廣泛,題材新穎,且試題占分比例最大,分值最高。因此,閱讀理解答題的好壞直接影響試卷的得分??忌鯓硬拍茉谳^短的時間內準確理解語言信息,推斷一些隱含意義呢?筆者認為,掌握正確的閱讀方法是閱讀的關鍵。

一、通讀全文,掌握大意(mainidea)

有些考生拿起文章便讀,甚至逐字逐句翻譯,結果讀了很長時間卻不知道作者寫了什么,且不斷地復視,唯恐遺忘,這種讀法耗時長,效率低。事實上,當我們在答閱讀理解試題時,應該先通讀試題(不包括選項),弄清考查點,做到心中有數,然后有針對性地通覽全文,從整體上掌握大意,這是快速閱讀中非常重要的一步。在通覽時,我們應該學會找出中心句(topicsentence),它是用來闡述文章主題,說明作者觀點的句子,中心句多數位于段首或段尾,有時也位于文中。因此,在閱讀時應注意文章的兩頭。找到了中心句,也就基本上理解了文章的大意,以此為線索,采用掠讀或掃讀的方法,迅速找出能夠支持中心句的關鍵詞、句,在腦海中形成文章的框架,然后根據試題,進行部分細節閱讀,這種閱讀速度便會大大加快。例如nmet97閱讀理解B篇短文如下:

Inthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.Amongthesepeoplewasamannamed

AlfredButts.Healwayshadaninterestinwordgamesandso,tofillhistime,heplanned

agamewhichhecalled''''Lexico''''.However,hewasnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththegame,sohe

madeanumberofchangestoitand,intime,changeditsnamefrom''''Lexico''''to''''Alph''''andthento''''CrissCross''''.Hewantedtomakesomemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidn''''thaveanyrealcommercial(商業性的)success.

In1939,ButtshappenedtomeetamancalledJimBrunotwhoshowedaninterestinthenew

game.Thetwomenworkedtogetherondevelopingthegameandin1948itwasofferedforsaleintheUnitedStatesunderitsnewname——''''Scrabble''''.

Atfirst,itdidn''''tsellverywell.Inthefirstyearitsoldjust2,250setsandby1951ithadonlyreached8,500setsayear.

Then,in1952themanagerofMacy''''sdepartmentstoreinNewYork.JackStrauss,happenedto

play''''Scrabble''''whilehewasonholiday,hethoughtitwasawonderfulgameand,whenhewentbacktoworkafterhisholiday,heinsistedtheMacy''''sshouldstock(儲備)thegameandmake

aneffort(努力)tocallthepublic''''sattentiontoit.

Asaresult,''''Scrabble''''becameabigsuccessintheUnitedStatesanditsoonspreadtoAustraliaandthentootherEnglish-speakingcountries.

1.Thetextismainlyabout__________.

A.''''Lexico''''B.threemen

C.awordgameD.AlfredButts

2.AlfredButtsinventedthegame''''Lexico''''________.

A.tomakehimselffamous

B.tomakespellingsimpler

C.whenhewasoutofworkandlookingforajob

D.whenhewasplayingwordgamestopassthetime

3.Whomade''''Scrabble''''pouplar?

A.AlfredButts.

B.JackStrauss.

C.AlfredButtsandJimBrunot.

D.JackStraussandJimBrunot.

4.WhendidAlfredButtsfirstputhisgameonthemarket?

A.In1939.B.In1948.

C.Before1939.D.Between1939and1948.

四個題目均屬于情節推理題,瀏覽完畢,讀者腦海中形成以下輪廓。

(1)outofwork—AlfredButts—interestedinwordgames

(2)after1939—developthegame—forsale

(3)notsellwellby1951

(4)in1952—JackStrauss—callpublic''''sattention—becameabigsuccess

文章屬記敘文體,敘述了文字游戲一“Scrabble”的起源發展及成功的歷史,作者以時間為順序,思路清楚,考生若能掌握以上大意,結合試題,不僅解題速度提高了,而且準確率也大大提高。

Key:1.C2.D3.B4.C

二、仔細推敲,理解作者的寫作意圖

在閱讀理解試題中,我們常常會遇到這樣的一些題目,如:“Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?”“What''''stheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedword?”“Whatdoyouthinkof...?”這些問題均屬于深層理解,它們的答案不是在文章的原句中可以找到的。因此,我們必須根據已知的內容仔細推敲文章中相關的詞、句及段落之間的邏輯關系,找出能支持作者觀點的關鍵詞并注意一些詞在特殊語言環境下的特殊意義,然后推斷出文段中未直接寫出的含義,理解作者的寫作意圖,得出正確的結論。

例如:’97NMET閱讀理解E篇

Americaisgrowingolder.Fiftyyearsago,only4outofevery100peopleintheUnitedStateswere65orolder.Today,10outofevery100Americansareover65.TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways—education,medicine,andbusiness.Quietly,thegrayingofAmericahasmadeusaverydifferentsociety—oneinwhichpeoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehaviorissuitableatvariousages.

Aperson''''sagenolongertellsyouanythingabouthis/hersocialposition,marriageor

health.There''''snolongeraparticularyearinwhichonegoestoschoolorgoestoworkorgets

marriedorstartsafamily.Thesocialclockthatkeptusontimeandtolduswhentogotoschool,getajob,orstopworkingisn''''tasstrongasitusedtobe.Itdoesn''''tsurpriseustohearof

a29-year-olduniversitypresidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,ora70-year-oldmanwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.Publicideasarechanging.

Manypeoplesay,''''Iammuchyoungerthanmymother—ormyfather—wasatmyage.''''Noonesays''''Actyourage''''anymore.We''''vestoppedlookingwithsurpriseatolderpeoplewhoactinyouthfulways.

1.ItcanbelearntfromthetextthattheagingofthepopulationinAmerica________.

A.hasmadepeoplefeelyounger

B.haschangedpeople''''ssocialposition

C.haschangedpeople''''sunderstandingofage

D.hassloweddownthecountry''''ssocialdevelopment

2.Theunderlinedword''''one''''refersto________.

A.asocietyB.America

C.aplaceD.population

3."Actyourage"meanspeopleshould________.

A.beactivewhentheyareold

B.dotherightthingattherightage

C.showrespectfortheirparentsyoungorold

D.takemorephysicalexercisesuitabletotheirage

4.Ifa25-year-oldmanbecomesgeneralmanagerofabigfirm,thewriterofthetextwouldmostprobablyconsiderit_______.

A.normalB.wonderful

C.unbelievableD.unreasonable

這是一篇以美國社會為素材的文章,作者意在突出美國人年齡觀念的改變這一主題。四道試題均屬于深層理解,只要我們循著作者的思路,問題就會迎刃而解,作者第一段擺出事實“Americaisgrowingolder”,

然后提出這種年齡的變化“willaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways”—在第一段的最后提出了作者的觀點,也就是文章的中心句oneinwhichpeoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehaviorissuitableatvariousages.第二、第三段作者給出了一些例子,從兩個方面即“publicideasarechanging”,“Noonesays‘Actyourage’anymore”進一步證明中心句,作者在字里行間將自己觀點表現得淋漓盡致。

Key:1.C2.A3.B4.A

在閱讀中只要我們能夠循著一些由關鍵詞、句組成的文脈開掘,就不難識其主旨,理解隱深含義。

三、注意體裁,選擇不同的閱讀方法

閱讀理解題材多樣,有日常生活、社會文化、人物、史地、政治、科技、經濟等等,體裁不一,有記敘文、應用文、說明文、議論文及新聞報道,考場上考生不僅知識面要廣,閱讀理解能力要強,還必須根據文章的體裁選擇不同的閱讀方法,爭取最快的閱讀速度。

例如:記敘文是用來敘述的一種文體,讀者應該把握文章的主要線索、時空順序及人物之間的相互關系;議論文是用來表達作者觀點的一種文體,我們應該找出論點及論據,理解作者的寫作態度;應用文是一種實用性與交際性很強的文體,我們應該采用對比閱讀法,將題干與文章結合在一起閱讀;對于新聞報道我們應該弄清新聞事件的內容及日期、起因、經過、涉及人物及具體數字、結果及作者的態度。根據篇章結構采用不同的閱讀方法,閱讀理解就會輕松得多。例如NMET97閱讀理解A篇:

JINTAN,JLANGSU:The20students—18boysand2girls—hadathousandreasonstobeproudof

themselves.Theyhadjustchimbedtheirwaytothetoprung(階梯)outof4millionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContestonTuesdayevening.

The20goldmedalwinnersareallprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsundertheageof14.

''''Manyoftheproblemsareofcollegelevelandthesepupilscanfigurethemout.Itisjustunbelievable!''''saidateacherfromGuangdongProvince.

NamedafterChina''''smostfamousmathematician,HuaLuogeng,theconteststartedin1986,oneyearafterhisdeath.Inlessthan10years,ithasbeenrecognisedbytheStateEducationCommissionasthecountry''''sbiggestandbestcontestofitskind.

1.Thisnewsstoryismainlyabout________.

A.whentheconteststarted

B.howthecontestgotitsname

C.the20pupilswhohavewongoldmedalsinthecontest

D.the5thNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest

2.Thisnewsstorymostprobablyappearedinanewspaperin__________.

A.1986B.1987C.1995D.1997

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheteacherfromGuangdongProvince_________.

A.feltproudofthegoldmedalwinners

B.wonderedifthestudentswerehonest

C.thoughtthattheproblemsweretoodifficultforthestudents

D.believedthatthetwentywinnerscouldgotostudyatuniversity

4.Theunderlinedphrase''''figureout''''inthetextmeans______.

A.workoutB.addup

C.guessD.study

這是一篇關于第五屆華羅庚金杯數學競賽的報道,試題涉及新聞本身內容及出版日期,說話者的態度及詞義猜測,文章開始報道20名中、小學生名列前茅,然后借一教師之口,寫出試卷難度及說話者對中學生的敬佩之情,最后一段報道華賽的起源、發展,意在突出新聞的內容是比賽,而不是20個學生獲獎。

所以,答案非常清楚:1.D2.C3.A4.A。

以上只是筆者淺陋之見,希望對高三備考的學生有所幫助。